The Updated Method to Bypass Xiaomi Redmi Note 12R FRP

Android smartphones have a security feature called FRP (Factory Reset Protection) that shields user data from theft or loss. Like other manufacturers, Xiaomi uses FRP as a security feature to make sure that, in the event of a factory reset, only the original owner with the Google account credentials linked with the Xiaomi Redmi Note 12R device would be able to access the Xiaomi Redmi Note 12R device. This aids in preventing the Xiaomi Redmi Note 12R device’s theft or unauthorized use.

FRP, however, can also be a problem if a user forgets their Google account login information or loses access to their device. Our step-by-step method will walk you through the most effective ways to bypass FRP on Xiaomi Redmi Note 12R devices in 2023, ensuring you can regain access to your device without any hassle. Say goodbye to FRP Xiaomi and Xiaomi Redmi Note 12R FRP challenges with our complete method.

We have included more than two ways to unlock your mobile without any hassle and complication. Just follow this guide, and you will regain access to your device in no time.

Part 1: Precautions To Take Before and After FRP Bypass?

Precautions are necessary for a safe and effective process when overcoming FRP (Factory Reset Protection) on your Xiaomi Redmi Note 12R device. In order to safeguard your data, guarantee device performance, and maintain device security, we’ll highlight the essential steps you should take before the Xiaomi FRP bypass.

Precautions:

• Backup Your Data: In order to prevent data loss during FRP bypass, be sure to back up all vital information from your smartphone, including contacts, pictures, videos, and documents, to a secure location.
• Charge the battery: To prevent any delays during the FRP bypass procedure, ensure your device has enough battery life or is connected to a charger.
• **Conduct Thorough Research:**To prevent any potential threats or damage to your device, conduct thorough research and follow instructions from reliable sources or respected guidelines.

Part 2: How to remove Xiaomi Redmi Note 12R FRP with the most reliable software - Dr.Fone?

Wondershare Dr.Fone - Screen Unlock (Android) is well-known for its ease to use and data-security. The Unlock Android Factory Reset Protection feature helps you enter home screen without effort. Dr.Fone not only supports Xiaomi FRP bypass, it also supports other device brands, such as Samsung , OPPO , etc.

Dr.Fone - Screen Unlock (Android)

Xiaomi Redmi Note 12R FRP Lock Removal Made Easy

• Pattern, PIN, password, fingerprints & face screen lock can all be unlocked.
• Bypass Android FRP lock without a PIN or Google account.
• Unlock mainstream Android brands like Samsung, Redmi, Xiaomi, etc.
• No tech knowledge required, Simple, click-through, process.

3,981,454 people have downloaded it

Check the following steps to see how to bypass Xiaomi FRP with Wondershare Dr.Fone.

Step 1: Launch Wondershare Dr.Fone first and choose Toolbox > Screen Unlock > Android.

Step 2: Select Remove Google FRP Lock.

Step 3: Choose Xiaomi among the Xiaomi Redmi Note 12R device brands.

Step 4: Dr.Fone will start to download driver. And then turn off the Xiaomi Redmi Note 12R device and connect to the computer. During the connecting process, please keep pressing Volume Up and Down button simultaneously for around 3 seconds.

Step 5: Wait for a few minutes and when it’s done, click Done button.

Part 3: How To Bypass Xiaomi Redmi Note 12R FRP in Traditional Method

With each phone, operating system, and version of Android having its own technique, bypassing Xiaomi FRP on the most recent versions of Google’s operating system is becoming increasingly challenging. You can use the FRP bypass software that works with your device to employ the free FRP bypass approach.

• Click Add Network at the bottom of the screen in network settings.

• In the SSID field, type any random text you like and long-press to pick it. To share it with Gmail, tap the share icon. Tap Notifications > Additional Settings on the App Info screen.

• Click the three dots in the top right corner and select “Help and Feedback.”

• Open the search bar and type “Delete and disable apps on Android.” Tap “Tap to go to Application Settings” on the following screen.

• Enable the Accessibility Menu Shortcut by selecting Settings > Additional Settings > Accessibility > Accessibility menu.

• Repeat the back button to go back to the App info screen. Click More, then select Show System.

• Tap Disable and Disable app after choosing Android setup, then tap Force stop and OK.

• Return to the App info screen and select Carrier Services. Then, select Disable and Disable app. Finally, select Force to stop and OK.

• Go back to the App info screen, choose Google Play Services, and then touch Disable to remove the app. Click OK after tapping Force Stop.

• To get back to the Connect to the Network screen, press the back button and the Next icon.

• Tap the person icon in the lower-right corner of the screen to access Google Assistant > Settings on the Checking for Updates page. To access the Google Play services App information page, repeat this process numerous times. To enable Google Play Services, select Enable.
• Wait until the procedure is finished before going back to the Checking for Updates page. When the procedure is finished, select More, then select Accept.
• You can finally disable Xiaomi’s Google account verification when the Setup Complete page appears.

Part 4: How To Bypass Xiaomi Redmi Note 12R FRP With ADB Command on a PC?

ADB and Fastboots, which stand for Android Debug Bridge and Android Debug Bridge, respectively, are two ways that a computer can communicate with an Android smartphone. The commands and actions delivered by the system are carried out on your Android device using this technique.

Depending on the OS version, the Google FRP lock can be removed using a variety of commands using the flexible ADB command-line tool and Fastboots. This software uses a client-server architecture and a client that transmits commands.

• Download the ADB installed setup file first, and then extract the toolkit files to a folder on your computer.

• Run adb.setup.exe next, and then press Y to accept the prompt to install the ADB drivers.
• When the drivers have been successfully installed, type Y once more, and the command window will close.
• Next, please turn on your Android device and connect it to your PC using a USB cord. Ensure your Android device’s USB debugging mode is also on here.
• Then, while holding down the Shift key, right-click somewhere that is empty in the ADB folder and select the Open command window here.
• Then, to delete the FRP, run the following lines one at a time at the command prompt, pressing enter after each line. Below is the code for CMD.

• Your Android device’s FRP lock will be removed following the execution of the commands.

Part 5: How To Disable FRP Xiaomi Redmi Note 12R?

Disabling FRP on Xiaomi Redmi Note 12R/Poco devices is relatively simple. Once you’ve removed the Google account from your device, the FRP lock will be disabled, and you’ll no longer need to bypass Xiaomi FRP.

• Go to “Settings” from the menu.
• Go down the page and click “Accounts & Sync.”

• To delete a Google account, tap on it.
• Confirm your selection of “Remove Account” by clicking.

• You might be asked to enter your device password or PIN to finish the process.

Summary

In conclusion, unlocking Xiaomi Redmi Note 12R FRP can be difficult, but it can be done quickly with the correct tools. You can either use the traditional method, which may prove quite long. We would recommend using the Xiaomi FRP bypass tool. The top Xiaomi Redmi Note 12R Google FRP Unlock tools, such as Dr.Fone - Screen Unlock (Android) , have been covered in this article. Since Dr.Fone - Screen Unlock (Android) is an all-in-one solution for Samsung, Xiaomi, Redmi, Oppo, Realme, Vivo FRP unlocking, we advise readers to give it a try.

How Can We Bypass Xiaomi Redmi Note 12R FRP?

After you hard reset your Xiaomi smartphone, you must open the FRP lock before using it. If you can’t pass the FRP lock, Google will block your device for privacy and security. You can easily pass the Xiaomi FRP lock with your Google account and password. You will get stuck there if you don’t know your account and password. Although it seems like a big problem, there is no need to panic because you can bypass it using other methods.

One of the fastest ways to remove the FRP lock is to use the Xiaomi FRP code. If you don’t want to use this method, you can also use the talkback method to bypass FRP. Both of these methods work perfectly every time, so the choice is up to you. Here, we will give you an easy guide to bypass FRP on your Xiaomi .

Part 1: What is Xiaomi FRP Bypass Code?

Factory reset protection is a Google security feature that protects your phone from unauthorized access. The FRP activates when you log in with a Google account on your smartphone. When you reset your device, the FRP asks for Google verification. The FRP lock doesn’t allow device access without your Google account and password. You can enter the Xiaomi FRP bypass code to open the FRP lock on your device without your Google account and password.

Even for smartphones from the same brand, the method to bypass FRP varies for each model. Instead of using complex methods to bypass FRP on your device, you can use the bypass code to remove the lock in seconds. The English Xiaomi FRP code is *#813#, and the Chinese code is *#812#. You can learn how to use these codes from our step-by-step guide.

Part 2: Efficient Ways to Bypass Xiaomi FRP

In this part, we will explore three efficient methods to bypass Xiaomi FRP and weigh the advantages and disadvantages of each.

A Comprehensive Comparison of Three Methods to Bypass Xiaomi FRP

Method	Advantages	Disadvantages
Wondershare Dr.Fone [Fast & Easy]	1. Efficiency: Wondershare Dr.Fone offers a fast and efficient FRP bypass process, ensuring quick access to your Xiaomi device.
2. User-Friendly: The software comes with an intuitive interface, making it accessible to both novice and experienced users.
3. Comprehensive Solution: Beyond FRP bypass, Wondershare Dr.Fone provides additional features for data recovery and device optimization.	Cost: While the software may require a purchase, the cost is justified by its effectiveness and additional functionalities.
Xiaomi Emergency FRP Code	1. Official Solution: This method is officially supported by Xiaomi , ensuring compatibility and reliability.
2. No Additional Software: The Emergency FRP Code doesn’t require third-party software installations, simplifying the process.	1. Limited Accessibility: Obtaining the Emergency FRP Code may involve contacting Xiaomi support, leading to potential delays.
2. Complexity: The process might be more complex for users unfamiliar with official support channels.
Talkback Method to Bypass	No External Software: This method doesn’t require additional software installations, making it a straightforward option.	1. Technical Skill Required: The Talkback Method involves navigating through device settings, which might be challenging for users without technical expertise.
2. Time-Consuming: Compared to software solutions, this method may take longer to complete.

1: Recommended: Use a powerful software-Wondershare Dr.Fone [Fast & Easy]

Facing the FRP (Factory Reset Protection) lock on your Xiaomi phone can be a roadblock, but with the right tools, the process becomes seamless. In this step-by-step guide, we’ll walk you through the easy and effective steps to bypass the FRP lock on your Xiaomi phone using the reliable Dr.Fone - Screen Unlock (Android) .

Dr.Fone - Screen Unlock (Android)

The Best FRP Lock Removal Tool for Xiaomi

• Pattern, PIN, password, fingerprints & face screen lock can all be unlocked.
• Bypass Android FRP lock without a PIN or Google account.
• Unlock mainstream Android brands like Samsung, Xiaomi , Xiaomi, etc.
• No tech knowledge required, Simple, click-through, process.

4,008,671 people have downloaded it

Step-by-Step Guide to bypassing Xiaomi Frp Lock

Follow these straightforward steps to bypass the FRP lock on your Xiaomi phone using Dr.Fone:

• Step 1. Launch Wondershare Dr.Fone and select Toolbox > Screen Unlock.
• Step 2. Choose Android and then click Remove Google FRP Lock button on the next page.

• Step 3. Then you will see various device brands and select OPPO among the options.

• Step 4. Once you have selected the Xiaomi Redmi Note 12R device brand, Dr.Fone will initiate the downloading process of FRP.

• Step 5. When it finished downloading, please turn off your device and connect it to the computer. Press the Volume Up and Down buttons for about 3 seconds during the connecting process.

• Step 6. Wait for a few minutes until the FRP is unlocked.

Wondershare Dr.Fone is a reliable software to bypass Xiaomi FRP with a high success rate. Its easy-to-use feature makes it popular among users. We recommend it as your first choice.

safe & secure

2: Use Xiaomi Emergency FRP Code

The Xiaomi Emergency FRP Code is an alternative method to bypass FRP, relying on a unique code provided by the Xiaomi Redmi Note 12R device manufacturer. After you do a factory reset on your Xiaomi smartphone, don’t rush to set it up. If you set up your device, the FRP lock will appear on the screen. When you go to the language selection screen, tap on the emergency call option to open the dialer. That’s where you will be entering the Xiaomi FRP bypass code. Follow these steps to remove the FRP lock from your smartphone.

• Step 1. Power on your Xiaomi device after the factory reset.
• Step 2. Start the Xiaomi Redmi Note 12R device set up and connect it to a Wi-Fi network.
• Step 3. After you enable the Wi-Fi connection, return to the welcome screen.
• Step 4. Tap on the “Emergency Call” option at the bottom left of the language selection page.
• Step 5. Type one of the FRP bypass codes (*#813# or *#812#) on the dialer and tap on the “Dial” button.
• Step 6. Next, don’t do anything and wait for the home screen of your Xiaomi device to appear. You might see some alerts, but you don’t have to touch the screen.
• Step 7. Once you enter your phone, open “Settings” and go to “About phone”.
• Step 8. Enable Developer options by tapping on the android version between seven to ten times.
• Step 9. From the Developer Options, enable USB debugging.
• Step 10. Now, go back to “Settings” and reset your Xiaomi device from the “Factory Data Reset” option.
• Step 11. Once the reset is complete, you can set up your device and enter it without FRP.

3: By Talkback Method to Bypass

For those seeking a manual approach, the Talkback Method involves leveraging the accessibility feature on the Xiaomi Redmi Note 12R device. Before using the Talkback method, ensure that your phone has more than 50% battery backup and an internet connection. The Talkback method will not work on devices with the latest Android operating system. Here are the steps to bypass Xiaomi FRP lock with the Talkback method.

• Step 1. Power on your Xiaomi smartphone and hold the volume up + down buttons at the same time to enable the Talkback feature.
• Step 2. Select “Turn on” to open the Talkback shortcut. Once you enable this feature, you can long press the volume up + down buttons to enable it anytime.
• Step 3. Now, double tap on the close button on the screen twice.
• Step 4. Next, draw the letter “L” on the hello screen and double-tap on the “Talkback Settings”.
• Step 5. In the menu, swipe down with two fingers to navigate to the “Braille Keyboard”. Double-tap to select it and go to “keyboard settings”.
• Step 6. Now, open the “Talkback Braille Keyboard” and return to the add network screen. Also, turn off the Talkback feature by long pressing the volume down + up buttons together.
• Step 7. Click on the keyboard icon to open the “Talkback Braille Keyboard” again. Enable accessibility settings and swipe right to enter the “General” option.
• Step 8. Navigate to “Help & Feedback” from the accessibility menu.
• Step 9. Tap on the “Control Your Xiaomi Redmi Note 12R Device with Switch Access” and tap on the “Play” icon. Next, tap on the three dots in the video corner.
• Step 10. elect the “Share” option and tap on the three dots next to the Twitter icon this time.
• Step 11. Go to “Settings” from the “Profile” icon and select “YouTube Terms and Services” from “History & Privacy”.
• Step 12. Next, tap on the “Accept and Continue” option. Select “Next” and tap on “No Thanks” on the next page.

Which Method is Best to Bypass Xiaomi FRP Lock?

Choosing the right method to bypass Xiaomi FRP depends on your preferences, technical proficiency, and urgency. Wondershare Dr.Fone - Screen Unlock (Android) offers a swift and user-friendly solution, the Xiaomi Emergency FRP Code provides an official route, while the Talkback Method caters to those who prefer a manual approach. Consider the advantages and disadvantages outlined above to make an informed decision and regain access to your Xiaomi device efficiently.

safe & secure

Part 3: FAQ for Bypassing Xiaomi FRP (Factory Reset Protection)

Below you’ll find answers to some of the most common questions regarding bypassing Factory Reset Protection (FRP) on Xiaomi devices.

1. What is the FRP skip code for Xiaomi ?

Currently, there is no universally applicable “FRP skip code” for Xiaomi devices. FRP is a security feature, designed to prevent unauthorized access to your device after a factory reset. If you are the legitimate owner and need to bypass FRP, you may need to contact Xiaomi customer support or follow authorized methods for FRP bypass, which usually involve verifying your Google account credentials.

2. What is the emergency code for FRP bypass?

There is no official emergency code for bypassing FRP on Xiaomi or other Android devices. FRP is a critical security feature implemented by device manufacturers to protect users’ data. To bypass FRP, you must follow the legitimate procedure provided by Xiaomi or seek professional assistance.

3. How to remove screen lock in Xiaomi mobile?

Unlocking your Xiaomi mobile’s screen with Dr.Fone - Screen Unlock (Android) is a seamless solution. Unlike hard resetting, which often leads to FRP lock issues, Dr.Fone provides a faster and safer alternative. This Xiaomi Unlock Tool swiftly bypasses the lock screen without requiring a password, ensuring a secure and efficient process.

safe & secure

4. How to remove an admin in Xiaomi ?

To remove an admin, or a device administrator:

• Step 1. Go to ‘Settings’ on your Xiaomi device.
• Step 2. Scroll down and tap on ‘Security’.
• Step 3. Then, select ‘Device Administrators’ or ‘Device Admin Apps’.
• Step 4. You will see a list of apps with administrator privileges. Find the admin you want to remove and toggle off its access.
• Step 5. Confirm by tapping ‘Deactivate’ when prompted.

5. How to disable Xiaomi security?

Disabling security features like passwords, PINs, pattern locks, or biometric scans can be done through settings:

• Step 1. Open ‘Settings’ and go to ‘Security’.
• Step 2. Tap on ‘Passcode’, ‘Biometrics & Passcode’, or a similar option depending on your device model.
• Step 3. Choose the lock method currently in use and select ‘None’ or ‘Disable’.

Note: Disabling security features makes your device more vulnerable to unauthorized access.

Conclusion

Let’s conclude our guide on how to bypass the Xiaomi FRP lock. You can remove the FRP lock from your Xiaomi device with various methods. The fastest and easiest way is to use the Xiaomi FRP code, which lets you bypass the FRP lock within seconds. You can also use the Talkback method if you have an older Xiaomi device. In addition to the FRP lock, you can bypass the screen lock on any Xiaomi device with Dr.Fone - Screen Unlock (Android) . Dr.Fone enables users to unlock any android device without a password. It is a one-stop solution with features like WhatsApp transfer, data backup and restore, data eraser, and system repair.

Top 5 Xiaomi Redmi Note 12R Bypass FRP Tools for PC That Actually Work

Looking for the best Xiaomi FRP tools that are also pocket friendly?

Forgetting your passwords and IDs is not a rare scenario, but at times it can land you in a troublesome situation like in the case of FRP lock. So, while trying to factory reset your Xiaomi device, you forget your Google credentials, and you would need the help of a Xiaomi google account bypass tool.

With multiple options and the Xiaomi FRP tools available to get this task done, selecting a workable and reliable solution is important. So, if you too are perplexed while selecting a program, we are here with the list of the best 5 Xiaomi FRP bypass tools in 2024. Check the details about these programs in the following parts.

You will come across multiple Xiaomi FRP bypass tools for pc which is sure to make you confuse. Moreover, not all tools are suitable for all models and devices and a lot of them even do not work as desired.

So, to save your time and effort to try to test these programs, we have shortlisted the top 5 ones that can be relied on.

1. Xiaomi FRP Tool

To remove FRP locks on your Xiaomi and Honor smartphones as well as tablets, Xiaomi FRP Tool is one of the best and most widely used tools. The process is simple where you need to download and install the tool to your system and then connect your phone to your PC and then perform the quick steps for FRP removal.

Supported OS – Windows 7/8/8.1/10

Key features

• Free and simple to use Windows-based Xiaomi FRP removal tool.
• Small-sized file in .rar format.
• Compatible with the majority of the Xiaomi and Honor devices.

Now, to make a clear conclusion, the Xiaomi FRP tool is a safe and reliable program compatible with the Windows system. Apt for beginners as well as advanced users, the program will work with most Xiaomi devices.

Tips: Struggling to unlock your Xiaomi device? Dr.Fone - Screen Unlock (Android) is the ideal solution. This user-friendly tool removes pattern, PIN, password, and fingerprint locks, making it easy to bypass your Xiaomi lock screen. It’s also effective for bypassing Google FRP on Samsung, Xiaomi, Redmi, Oppo, Realme, and Vivo devices.

safe & secure

2. GSM Flasher ADB FRP Bypass Tool

It is a Windows-based powerful tool that helps remove FRP lock on an array of devices and models including Huawei, Micromax, Oppo, Samsung, and others. The ADB commands are used for communicating with the Xiaomi Redmi Note 12R device and getting a variety of tasks done, including FRP lock. For this method, you simply need to download the tool, which needs ADB drivers and a USB data cable.

Supported OS: Latest version of Windows

Key features

• Compatible with almost all Android OS versions and devices.
• Simple and quick process.
• This is a free-to-use Xiaomi Google Account bypass tool.

Communicate with your device using the ADB FRP tool for removing the FRP lock in a few quick steps and the method is apt even for the people who are not pro or tech-expert.

3. Xiaomi FRP Tool FastbootReader

This Windows-based tool will let you get rid of the FRP lock on your Xiaomi as well as Honor devices in a few steps. You would just need the system to install the tool and a USB cable for connecting the phone to your system. Also, the USB drivers for Xiaomi need to be installed.

Supported OS: Windows 7/8/8.1/10

Key features

• Simple to use Windows-based Xiaomi FRP Unlock tool.
• Works with all popular models of Xiaomi and Honor devices.
• Completely bypass and remove the FRP lock and gives you complete access to the Xiaomi Redmi Note 12R device.

Another widely used Windows-based program that can help you with Google lock removal on Xiaomi as well as Honor devices including phones and tablets. Once the program is downloaded, simply connect your Xiaomi Redmi Note 12R and choose to remove the lock.

4. D&G Password Unlocker

Removing FRP lock not only on your Xiaomi devices but others like Samsung, Motorola, HTC, and more can be done using this popular tool. Available for quick download on the Windows system, the process of bypassing the lock is simple and can be handled by all.

Supported OS: Windows 7/8/10/Vista

Key Features

• A free-to-use Xiaomi FRP bypass tool with a simple and user-friendly interface.
• Works on a wide range of Android devices like Huawei, Samsung, HTC, Xiaomi, and more.
• Helps in the removal of different device locks, including FRP.

It is compatible with a wide range of devices and models, this tool is apt for the removal of FRP locks as well as others like pin-code, patterns, and more. Free and user-friendly further makes it a popular choice among users.

5. Octoplus FRP Tool

To smoothly bypass Google accounts on your Huawei, Motorola, Samsung, LG, and others. In android devices, this is a decent tool to consider. No advanced tech-learning or other hassled requirements are there for this tool to help you bypass the FRP lock.

Supported OS: Supporting all the latest Windows OS

Key Features

• Helps in removing FRP lock in a simple, quick manner.
• Support a wide range of Android devices and models, including Huawei.
• Free to use the tool.

To summarize, when you need a tool that is simple to use and can remove the FRP bypass process on a wide range of devices, Octoplus is the right choice.

Pro Tip: How to Unlock Xiaomi Screen Lock without Google Account?

Another lock on your Xiaomi phone that can be quite annoying is the screen lock. Most of us, use the screen lock on our device using a PIN, code, fingerprint, or password. It is quite a common scene where a person forgets their screen lock code and this prevents them from having access to their device and its feature.

If you too have got into this trap, then no need to worry as Dr.Fone - Screen Unlock (Android) is here to take care of it. This versatile Windows and Mac-based software will let you remove all types of screen locks safely and quickly in a few steps.

safe & secure

You do not need to be a tech expert to use this tool as its interface is very user-friendly and simple. You just need to quickly download the software and follow the instructions as they appear and in no time, you will have an unlocked device in front of you and that too without any harm.

How to Unlock Xiaomi Phone without Password Using Dr.Fone?

• Step 1. Launch the software on your system and choose the Screen Unlock option.
• Step 2. Next, connect your Xiaomi or any other Android phone to your system using a USB cable. When the Xiaomi Redmi Note 12R device is connected, select Unlock Android Screen option.

• Step 3. The interface will show the list of the supported devices and their models, from which you need to select Xiaomi to put your Xiaomi phone into Specific Mode.

• Step 4. Dr.Fone will start to unlock Android screen after getting into the specific mode. After completed, you need to click on the Remove Now option after which the screen lock on your device will be disabled, and you can easily have access to your device.

Dr.Fone - Screen Unlock (Android)

Get into Locked Xiaomi Phones within Minutes

• 4 screen lock types are available: pattern, PIN, password & fingerprints.
• Bypass Android FRP lock without a PIN or Google account.
• It also works for Samsung, LG, Google Pixel, Huawei, etc.
• Save you from ending up with a locked phone after too many pattern attempts.
• No tech knowledge required. Everyone can handle it.

4,008,669 people have downloaded it

Conclusion

The above-listed Best Xiaomi FRP tools 2024 will come in quite handy when you are looking for solutions to bypass the FRP lock on your Xiaomi devices. Depending on the system version, device model, and other requirements, the best suitable tool can be selected. In case you are stuck with the screen lock on your Xiaomi or other Android devices, then Dr.Fone - Screen Unlock (Android) is the best tool to be considered.

Also read: